Factores que influyen en la erosión hídrica del suelo en un bosque templado

Forest ecosystems are important in the contribution of goods and services to society; however, they may be affected by water erosion, which represents a serious problem in Mexico. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the factors that explain this type of degradation in the temperate forest. The factors that influence water erosion were selected through literature review, nationally and internationally, with criteria for use in management and monitoring programs. To assess erosion loss, the measurement of pedestals was used. Statistically, Pearson's correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used. The results obtained revealed that for Pearson, the apparent density (r = 0.64), slope (r = 0.59) and the percentage of rocks on the soil surface (r = 0.57), showed a positive correlation with water erosion, so by increasing their values, the presence of pedestals increases. Negative correlation was determined with depth (r = -0.48) and percentage of soil organic matter (r = -0.45). At higher magnitudes of those parameters, the presence of pedestals decreases as expressions of the degree of soil erosion. Through the PCA, they also directly influenced the thickness of the mulch, bare soil and soil compaction. Positive correlation with percentage of bare soil and compaction was also identified. While there was no significance with organic matter, infiltration capacity and soil depth. The indicated factors must be taken into account to facilitate future monitoring.