Experimental determination of flame length of buoyancy-controlled turbulent jet diffusion flames from inclined nozzles

Abstract Flame length of buoyancy-controlled turbulent jet diffusion flames from inclined nozzles with inclined angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° to the horizontal has been investigated experimentally in this work. The jet diffusion flames are produced by the nozzles with diameters of 8, 12, and 16 mm. The relationship between flame length and heat release rate has been proposed for jet flames from inclined nozzles. It is found that the values of the entrainment coefficient C 1 are generally proportional to cos θ 0 linearly. A global model when Froude number is below about 300 ( Fr