The coda of the transient response in a sensitive cochlea

In a sensitive cochlea, the basilar membrane (BM) velocity response due to transient external acoustic excitation or to localized transient internal bipolar electrical excitation gives rise not only to a primary impulse response, but also to a coda of delayed secondary responses (sometimes called echoes or ringing) with varying amplitudes but similar spectral content around the best frequency of the measurement location. The coda is physiologically vulnerable, disappearing when the cochlea is compromised even slightly. The multicomponent sensitive response is not yet completely understood. We use a mathematical model to describe how the response at the point of excitation can be traced back to three sources. Surprisingly, the first BM response is due to a fast wave emergent from the point of excitation, reflected by the stapes and then repropagated (in amplified fashion) as a traveling wave back to the point of excitation; the second is due to a reverse, slow, traveling wave which is likewise reflected at...