Peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the sperm of boars by correction of mineral nutrition

The solution of the problem of storage the whole and diluent sperm is aimed at revealing the peculiarities of the exchange processes in the transition of spermatozoa to the natural state of anabiosis and the creation of programs for their activation, which will greatly increase the possibility of the use of the method of artificial insemination of pigs. The microelements in sperm of boars exert an active influence on the motility of spermatozoa by regulating the intensity of peroxide oxidation and the antioxidant protection system. The purpose of the research was to determine the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the preserved sperm of boars when they are fed with microelement lactates. In the study adult boars of the Large White breed were used. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one was 30 days, basic one was 60 days (feeding of zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates) and the final one was 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of the animals in the control group remained unchanged, and the two experimental ones were with the addition of zinc, selenium, copper and iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. The samples of ejaculates (100 ml) were stored at temperatures of 380C, 170C and 50C for 24 hours. The state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis was evaluated by the content of diene conjugates, TBA-active complexes, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. It has been determined the fact that feeding boars with zinc, selenium, copper and iron lactates which are included in feed composition significantly alters prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in ejaculates after 24 hours’ storage at different temperature regimes. The course of peroxidation processes in incubated sperm at 380C is intense, at 170C it slows down, and at reducing to 50C it slows down in 2-3 times. The amount of microelement lactates fed to boars determines the change in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in sperm. The addition of these nanoacqualates, at a dose of 10% higher than norm, during 60 days stimulates the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increases the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants namely reduced glutathione, vitamins A, E and ascorbic acid. These biological effects in the change of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis last for at least a month, after adjusting the mineral nutrition. Feeding boars with the microelement lactates by 20% above norm, compared with the group receiving 10% higher amounts of them, accelerates the processes of peroxidation during storage of sperm (t = 17 and 380C), where the most significant intergroup difference in the content of diene conjugates (p <0.05-0.01) is observed for the 60th day of using and lasts for at least one month. Such changes occur against the background of intensive use of vitamin A (p <0.01), vitamin E (p <0.01), ascorbic acid (p <0.05-0.01) and the activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p <0, 05), which lasts until the 60th day of the use of the additive of microelements.