Low-Temperature Transport Properties of Very Dilute Classical Solutions of ^3He in Superfluid ^4He
2015
We report microscopic calculations of the thermal conductivity, diffusion constant, and thermal diffusion constant for classical solutions of \(^3\)He in superfluid \(^4\)He at temperatures \(T \lesssim 0.6\) K, where phonons are the dominant excitations of the \(^4\)He. We focus on solutions with \(^3\)He concentrations \(\lesssim \)\(10^{-3}\), for which the main scattering mechanisms are phonon–phonon scattering via 3-phonon Landau and Beliaev processes, which maintain the phonons in a drifting equilibrium distribution, and the slower process of \(^3\)He–phonon scattering, which is crucial for determining the \(^3\)He distribution function in transport. We use the fact that the relative changes in the energy and momentum of a \(^3\)He atom in a collision with a phonon are small to derive a Fokker–Planck equation for the \(^3\)He distribution function, which we show has an analytical solution in terms of Sonine polynomials. We also calculate the corrections to the Fokker–Planck results for the transport coefficients.
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