Mobile high-resolution direction finding of multipath radio waves in Azimuth and Elevation

This paper presents a novel direction-finding (DF) system based on a 3-axis crossed antenna array in combination with threedimensional Unitary ESPRIT. The application and design considerations are discussed and the implemented antenna array is shown. The 3-D Unitary ESPRIT algorithm is modified to solve a rank-deficiency problem in order to obtain better estimation results. The improved resolution capabilities are addressed and simulation results are presented that show the excellent DF capabilities of the new system.