Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado na Avaliação do Impacto do Armazenamento da Água de Chuva no Sistema de Drenagem Urbana

2021 
O processo de urbanizacao, com intensificacao no numero de construcoes, resulta na impermeabilizacao das superficies na reducao da infiltracao e do escoamento subterrâneo, e consequente aumento do escoamento superficial. Neste contexto, pesquisadores buscam tecnologias para minimizar tais problemas ambientais, visando a melhoria nao so da conjuntura atual, mas tambem das proximas geracoes. Assim, se inserem as tecnologias verdes para mitigacao dos problemas ambientais, com destaque para os telhados verdes. Tal cenario de crescimento urbanistico e de problemas ambientais e evidenciado nos grandes centros urbanos, a exemplo do municipio de Recife-PE, especificamente na Regiao Politico Administrativa RPA2, no bairro de Dois Unidos. Para identificar areas verdes e urbanizadas, foi empregada a tecnologia do Sensoriamento Remoto com o emprego do Indice de Construcao por Diferenca Normalizada (NDBI) e, para identificar os pontos baixos das vias e realizar a analise de alagamento foi utilizado o Modelo Digital de Elevacao (MDE) com a geracao das curvas de nivel. Os resultados indicaram que as duas acoes investigadas, telhados verdes e caixas d’agua, conjuntamente, foram ineficientes na resolucao dos alagamentos e que os custos da adaptacao dos telhados para implantacao das coberturas verdes foram mais onerosos que a aquisicao de caixas d’agua de 500 L. Por outro lado, tais acoes podem contribuir para a reducao das dimensoes do projeto de drenagem urbana reduzindo o volume de agua pluvial excedente (acima da capacidade de escoamento da sarjeta) em cerca de 45% (de 46.033,30 m 3 para 20.902,23 m 3 ). Remote Sensing applied to the Impact Assessment of Rainwater Storage in the Urban Drainage System A B S T R A C T The urbanization process, with an increase in the number of constructions, results in the waterproofing of surfaces, reducing infiltration and underground runoff, and a consequent increase in surface runoff. In this context, researchers are looking for technologies to minimize such environmental problems, aiming to improve not only the current situation, but also the next generations. Thus, green technologies are included to mitigate environmental problems, with an emphasis on green roofs. Such a scenario of urban growth and environmental problems is evidenced in large urban centers, such as the municipality of Recife-PE, specifically in the Administrative Political Region RPA2, in the neighborhood of Dois Unidos. To identify green and urbanized areas, Remote Sensing technology was used with the use of the Normalized Difference Construction Index (NDBI) and, to identify the low points of the roads and perform the flood analysis, the Digital Elevation Model was used (MDE) with the generation of contour lines. The results indicated that the two actions investigated, green roofs and water tanks, together, were inefficient in resolving the floods and that the costs of adapting the roofs for the implementation of green roofs were more expensive than the purchase of water tanks from 500 L. On the other hand, such actions can contribute to reducing the dimensions of the urban drainage project by reducing the volume of excess rainwater (above the drainage capacity of the gutter) by about 45% (from 46,033.30 m 3 to 20,902.23 m 3 ). Keywords: urban drainage, green roof, water tanks.
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