Sensing Atomic Motion from the Zero Point to Room Temperature with Ultrafast Atom Interferometry.

n ∼ 10 4 , with the possibility of extending at least 100 times higher in energy. The complete energy range of this method spans from the ground state to far outside of the Lamb-Dicke regime, where atomic motion is greater than the optical wavelength. Apart from thermometry, these interferometric techniques are useful for characterizing ultrafast entangling gates between multiple trapped ions.