ERP differences in visual attention processing between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control boys in the absence of performance differences.

Event-related potentials ~ERPs! were recorded during a visual two-choice reaction time ~RT! task in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ~ADHD! and control boys selected using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. No group differences were found in mean RT and correct responses. Although early occipital ERPs were not affected in the ADHD group, the peak latency of early anterior ERPs ~N1, P1, N2! was significantly delayed. ADHD showed a larger effect of stimulus type on the frontal negativity ~N530! and the posterior late negativity ~nSW! and a smaller effect of stimulus type on anterior N2 and posterior P3b amplitude. The development of N530 and P450 amplitude across blocks of five trials was analyzed using orthogonal polynomial trend analysis of variance software. In the control group, P450 amplitude to “frequent” stimuli reduced across blocks. In the ADHD group, N530 amplitude increased for “rare” stimuli across blocks. It is suggested that the ADHD group showed a lack of automatization of the categorization process with increasing time on task for which they compensated by controlled attentional processes. Descriptors: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Event-related potentials, Visual attention, Children