Diversity of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylases in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis species in Iran; wide distribution of aadA1 and armA

Abstract Purpose Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) make a great burden on health-care systems due to hospital-acquired infections and antibacterial resistance. Aminoglycoside in combination with other antibacterials used as treatment options. However, ABC species overcome this class of antibacterials in different ways. This study provides a comprehensive report on the distribution of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methylase in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolated from various provinces in Iran. Methods During six month of study, from eight referral centers in seven provinces across the country, Iran, 178 A. baumannii and 43 A. nosocomialis isolates were collected. The minimum inhibitory concentration of amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, kanamycin and tobramycin were measured by microbroth dilution method. AMEs and 16S rRNA methylase variants were sought by PCR. Results High rates of resistance were seen in all centers. MIC 50 and MIC 90 for all A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis isolates from different centers were > 512 mg/L. The most frequent AME was ant(3″)-Ia ( aadA1 ) in both of A. baumannii (74.1%) and A. nosocomialis (86%). armA was detected in A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis at the frequency of 41.6% and 67.4%, respectively. rmtA , B , C , D , aac(3)-Ia ( aacC1 ) and aac(6′)-Im were not detected, neither in A. baumannii nor A. nosocomialis . Moreover, aac(6′)-Ih was only found in A. baumannii isolates. The distribution of some of the ARGs was limited to a definite center. Conclusion The overall high-level carriage of ARGs in Acinetobacter species may limited usage of this class of antibacterials as a treatment option.