Gender Differences in the Prediction of Alcohol Intoxication among Adolescents.

BACKGROUND Alcohol is one of the most commonly consumed substances in adolescence and can lead to many (mental) health problems. This study aimed to examine social determinants related to family, peers and school achievement as risk factors for alcohol intoxication (AI) among adolescents and to examine whether these risk factors differ in their prediction of AI concerning potential gender differences. METHODS The data used in this study were obtained from the cross-sectional "European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs" and involved 2558 participants who were turning 16 in the year of the research. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were performed for each AI indicator (lifetime, in the last 12 months, in the last 30 days and heavy episodic drinking (HED) in the last 30 days) in relation to gender. RESULTS School achievement, parental knowledge, peer pressure (for alcohol consumption and for AI) were found to be consistent predictors for varying AI among adolescents. High school achievement was found to be a protective factor for all AI indicators explored in our study, regardless of gender. Peer pressure made a more pronounced contribution to AI experience among boys, while parental knowledge demonstrated a more protective nature with regards to AI among girls. CONCLUSION Overall, results indicate that social determinants as predictors of AI among adolescents are consistent across various AI indicators and confirm gender specific predictors for AI. These findings indicate the possible benefit of involving parents in preventive programs and of using a gender perspective regarding observed differences.