Impact of depth-dependent optical attenuation on wavelength selection for spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging

Abstract An optical wavelength selection method based on the stability of the absorption cross-section matrix to improve spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging was recently introduced. However, spatially-varying chromophore concentrations cause the wavelength- and depth-dependent variations of the optical fluence, which degrades the accuracy of quantitative sPA imaging. This study introduces a depth-optimized method that determines an optimal wavelength set minimizing an inverse of the multiplication of absorption cross-section matrix and fluence matrix to minimize the errors in concentration estimation. This method assumes that the optical fluence distribution is known or can be attained otherwise. We used a Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in tissue with various depths and concentrations of deoxy-/oxy-hemoglobin. We quantitatively compared the developed and current approaches, indicating that the choice of wavelength is critical and our approach is effective especially when quantifying deeper imaging targets.