Functions and Mechanisms of Green Tea Catechins in Regulating Bone Remodeling
2013
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in bone remodeling, a process involving bone-building osteoblasts and
bone-resorptive osteoclasts. Excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses have been shown to stimulate
differentiation and function of osteoclasts while inducing osteoblast apoptosis and suppressing osteoblastic proliferation
and differentiation via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), ERK-dependent nuclear factor-κB and Wnt/β-catenin
signaling pathways. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory green tea catechins (GTC) have been shown to promote osteoblastogenesis,
suppress osteoclastogenesis and stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts
rather than adipocytes by modulating the signaling pathways. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of
GTC, their bone-protective activities evidenced in in vitro and in vivo studies, and the limited clinical studies supporting
these preclinical findings. In light of the physical, economical, and social burdens due to osteoporosis, easily accessible
and affordable preventive measures such as GTC deserves further clinical studies prior to its clinical application.
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