Vibratory electromagnetic induction energy harvester on wheel surface of mobile sources

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) research is mostly concentrated in the ultralow-power circuit field. However, one of the biggest challenges is overcoming the unavoidable replacement of batteries owing to their self-discharging, unstable performance by using the energy-harvesting technology. A TPMS must be installed on the wheel surface for permanent operation. Likewise, the energy harvester should be directly installed inside the TPMS circuit to eliminate any additional maintenance. Thus, the size of the energy harvester for independent rotational systems, such as a tire wheel, should be constrained to the battery level. Electromagnetic induction was selected to maximize the power generated by the energy harvester. The optimized model was rationally examined, and the results were compared with the calculated results. In preliminary modeling of the mechanical energy transduction into electrical energy and the parameters in the m-c-k system, the module was predicted to generate about 136 μW of consumable power. A test module was fabricated for practical application. With the experimental constraints, the maximum power consumption was 195 μW under the conditions of a base excitation of 12 Hz and acceleration of 0.5 g for a system volume of about 2.5 cm3.