Community-Based Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2021 
Introduction This review synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of community-based interventions for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) to inform design of effective strategies for CVD prevention. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane register of controlled studies and PSYCINFO databases for studies published between January 2000 and June 2019. Other studies were identified from grey literature sources and review of reference lists of included studies. The primary outcomes for the review were those aimed at primary prevention of CVD targeting physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption. Results Database searches yielded 15885 articles and 94 articles were identified through snowball searching. After screening, the articles from LMICs were 32 emanating from 27 studies: 9 cluster randomised trials, 8 randomised controlled trials and 10 controlled before and after studies. Community-based interventions successfully improved population knowledge on CVD and risk factors, and influenced physical activity and dietary practices. Evidence of interventions on smoking cessation and reduced alcohol consumption was inconsistent. Conclusions This evidence should inform policy makers in decision-making and prioritizing evidence-based interventions.
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