Location based routing protocols in VANET: Issues and existing solutions

Abstract Over the last few decades, the attraction towards Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has engrossed huge investigation, to upgrade road safety and entertainment for the traveler, by imparting real time information among vehicles. In order to accomplish this, network layer has attained significant attention; therefore, abundant routing protocols have been proposed. In VANET, frequent movement and rapid topological variation lead to repeated link breakage, causing loss in packet and delay. As compared to other VANET routing protocols proposed so far, location based routing methods provide one of the best solutions, by not relying on pre destination route entries. However, location based routing protocol also encounters several challenges such as local optimum problem, inaccurate positioning, optimum forwarder selection and broadcasting overheads. This paper analyzes these challenges in brief, and critically compares the existing solutions proposed so far. It also presents brief description of emerging WAVE+LTE based technology along with some viable direction for future improvement related to location based routing protocols.