Genetic differentiation in a sample from northern Mexico City detected by HLA system analysis: Impact in the study of population immunogenetics
2017
The major histocompatibility complex is directly involved in the immune response, and thus the genes
coding for its proteins are useful markers for the study of genetic diversity, susceptibility to disease
(autoimmunity and infections), transplant medicine, and pharmacogenetics, among others. The polymorphism
of the system also allows researchers to use it as a proxy for population genetics analysis, such
as genetic admixture and genetic structure. In order to determine the immunogenetic characteristics of
a sample from the northern part of Mexico City and to use them to analyze the genetic diffferentiation
from other admixed populations, including those from previous studies of Mexico City population, we
analyzed molecular typing results of donors and patients from the Histocompatibility Laboratory of the
Central Blood Bank of the Centro Medico Nacional La Raza selected according to their geographic origin.
HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specifijic
primers. Allelic and haplotype frequencies, as well as population genetics parameters, were obtained by
maximum likelihood methods. The most frequent haplotypes found were HLA-A*02/-B*39/-DRB1*04/-
DQB1*03:02P, HLA-A*02/-B*35/-DRB1*04/-DQB1*03:02P, HLA-A*68/-B*39/-DRB1*04/-DQB1*03:02P,
and HLA-A*02/-B*35/-DRB1*08/-DQB1*04. Importantly, the second most frequent haplotype found in
our sample (HLA-A*02/-B*35/-DRB1*04/-DQB1*03:02P) has not been previously reported in any mixedancestry
populations from Mexico but is commonly encountered in Native American human groups,
which can reflect the impact of migration dynamics in the genetic conformation of the northern part of
Mexico City, and the limitations of previous studies with regard to the genetic diversity of the analyzed
groups. Diffferences found in haplotype frequencies demonstrated that large urban conglomerates cannot
be analyzed as one homogeneous entity but, rather, should be understood as a set of structures in which
social, political, and economical factors influence their genesis and dynamics.
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