l-Lysine Acts as a Serotonin Type 4 Receptor Antagonist to Counteract In Vitro and In Vivo the Stimulatory Effect of Serotonergic Agents on Aldosterone Secretion in Man.

In the normal human adrenal gland, serotonin (5-HT) stimulates aldosterone secretion through the 5-HT 4 receptor (5-HT4R). However, the physiological role of the serotonergic control of adrenocortical function is not known. In the present study, we have investigated the ability of l -Lysine, which has been shown to act as a 5-HT 4 receptor antagonist, to counteract in vitro and in vivo the stimulatory effect of 5-HT4R agonists on aldosterone production. l -Lysine was found to inhibit aldosterone production induced by 5-HT and the 5-HT4R agonists BIMU8 from cultured human adrenocortical cells. The action of l -Lysine (4.95 g/day orally) on the adrenal cortex was also evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers in a double blind, cross-over, placebo controlled study. l -Lysine had no significant influence on basal plasma aldosterone levels and the aldosterone responses to upright posture, tetracosactide, and low sodium diet (10 mmol/day for 3 days). Conversely, l -Lysine significantly reduced the surge of plasma aldosterone induced by metoclopramide indicating that l -Lysine is able to efficiently antagonize the adrenal 5-HT 4 receptors in vivo. These results suggest that l -Lysine supplementation may represent a new treatment of primary adrenal diseases in which corticosteroid hypersecretion is driven by overexpressed 5-HT 4 receptors.