Paracrine action of human placental trophoblast cells attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

Abstract Aims The action of cell-based therapy against acute kidney injury (AKI) has been demonstrated by different groups for years. However, which kind of cells hold best therapeutic effect remains unclear. In this study, we mainly explored whether human placental trophoblast cells hold the potential to be applied in AKI therapy. Main methods To study the renoprotective effect, the trophoblast cells were isolated from human placenta and characterized by flow cytometry first. The AKI model was induced using cisplatin in NOD-SCID mice. The therapeutic effect of human placental trophoblast cells on renal function, apoptosis and inflammation were analyzed respectively. Key findings The administration of trophoblast cells isolated from human placenta improved the pathological changes of kidney tissues and renal dysfunction induced by cisplatin. In addition, the placental trophoblast cell-based treatment also showed anti-apoptotic effect and decreased the level of apoptotic genes (Bax and Caspase 3) expression in damaged kidney tissues obviously. All of the inflammatory components (MCP-1, IL-10 and RANTES) in kidney tissues were down-regulated with the therapy of placental trophoblast cells. Further analysis indicated that the paracrine effects of human placental trophoblast cells may hold a key position in the AKI therapy process. Significance In this study, we mainly developed a novel therapeutic strategy to treat cisplatin-induced AKI with human placental trophoblast cells. Even though the detailed mechanism and the optimizations of this cell-based therapy still need further investigation, the application of placental trophoblast cell holds special potential in the treatment of patients with AKI.