Novel method for the production of color-compatible ferrous sulfate-fortified simulated rice through extrusion

Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FSH), a highly bioavailable water-soluble compound, was used for the production of fortified simulated rice through extrusion of acidified rice flour. The acidic and/or reducing environment kept iron in the ferrous valence, diminishing or even eliminating discolorations associated with the use of water-soluble iron compounds such as FSH. Sensory tests and instrumental measurements showed that the color, size, and shape of simulated rice were compatible with the control Jasmine rice when mixed with it at 1:100 and 1:200 dilution ratios. In vitro tests demonstrated the high iron bioavailability of the product. Also produced were acidified iron-fortified rice samples containing ascorbic acid; they were color-compatible after extrusion, but extended storage resulted in discolorations. The FSH-fortified rice is an inexpensive and stable product that has the potential to combat anemia. Keywords: Iron fortification; ferrous sulfate; rice; extrusion; color