Chinese nomination for the lip and perioral morphological aesthetic subunits and aesthetic landmarks

Objective To summarize and update the terminology of the lip and perioral morphological aesthetic subunits and aesthetic landmarks in the domestic medical aesthetics field. Methods 36 English literatures, 13 Chinese literatures, 3 foreign academic compositions, 2 domestic academic compositions, 1 domestic medical aesthetics textbook, and 14 websites of the medical aesthetic field have been included. We summarized the commonly seen terminology of the lip and perioral morphological aesthetic subunits and aesthetic landmarks. Moreover, for the aesthetic subunits and aesthetic landmarks which are commonly used in clinical practice but have not yet been named in Chinese term are named following the current Chinese terminology rule. We summarized not only the terminology of lips but also the anatomical acknowledge of the commonly used aesthetic subunits. Results There are 17 standard nomenclatures for aesthetic subunits, 8 standard nomenclatures with abbreviations for aesthetic surface landmarks, 20 standard terms for aesthetic measurement and distance. Moreover, we named 5 aesthetic subunits and 6 aesthetic surface landmarks for which there are no standard Chinese medical terms. Conclusions The standard terminology for the aesthetic subunits and landmarks is the foundation for the lip and perioral measurement and evaluation. Besides, it also provides a reference basis for the development of lip cosmetic and perioral rejuvenation treatment programs. Key words: Lip; Morphological aesthetic subunit; Aesthetic landmark; Aesthetic nomination