Photoelastic analysis of conventional and locking system for treatment of mandibular angle fractures with a single plate

Background This photoelastic analysis evaluated stress distribution in different osteosynthesis systems, conventional and locking, used for treatment of mandibular angle fractures with a single plate. Material and Methods Angle fractures were simulated in mandibles made of photoelastic resin. Following Champy's method, plate osteosynthesis was performed. The samples were divided into five groups: Group 1, non-fractured mandible; Group 2, two screws were installed in each segment using a conventional system; Group 3, two screws were installed in each segment using a locking system; Group 4, three screws were installed in the proximal segment and four screws in the distal segment using a conventional plate; Group 5, three screws were installed in the proximal segment and four screws in the distal segment using a locking plate. In an universal testing machine coupled to a polariscope, a load was applied to the first molar 10 times. The 50 images were randomly numbered and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by two raters. Results The locking system promoted better stress distribution along the osteosynthesis. The locking system reduced stress magnitude in the distal segment, with a significant between-group difference (P≤ 0.001). Conclusions The locking plate/screw system can distribute stress more evenly throughout the osteosynthesis, especially when long seven-hole plates are used. Key words:Internal fracture fixation, osteosynthesis, mandibular fracture, bone plates.