M3+O(–Mn4+)2 clusters in doped MnOx catalysts as promoted active sites for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Based on various experimental results, M3+O(–Mn4+)2 clusters in (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped MnOx catalysts were identified as the principal active sites for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural due to their special properties that make oxygen ‘easy come, easy go’.