Generation of wing-shaped dark soliton for perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation in optical fibre

Abstract This paper investigates the dark soliton solutions to the perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov (G − I) equation describing the effects of ultra-short (femto second) optical soliton propagation in non-kerr media. The ordinary differential equations (ODE) are solved analytically by implementing the methods, such as, extended rational sin-cos and sinh-cosh method. Consequently, various types of dark solitons such as wing shape, double wing shape, broadening and steepening of dark optical solitons are obtained.