Manipulator for Heating and Cooling in Ultrahigh Vacuum

In sample-transfer system for use in ultrahigh vacuum, samples mounted on threaded circular holder transferred to flip mechanism of manipulator by simple translation and rotation. Flip mechanism contains electrode assembly and thermocouple that make direct contact with sample. Copper plate and flexible strap attached to receiving block to cool sample. Simple modifications allow broad range of sample temperatures (150 to 1,750 K) and direct temperature measurements, while retaining advantage of additional degree of freedom provided by flip mechanism of precise manipulator.