Global dynamics and complex patterns in Lotka-Volterra systems: The effects of both local and nonlocal intraspecific and interspecific competitions

Abstract We consider a Lotka-Volterra system with both local and nonlocal intraspecific and interspecific competitions, where nonlocal competitions depend on both spatial and temporal effects in a general form. Firstly, global stability of two constant semi-trivial equilibria and global convergence of the coexistence equilibrium are derived by using the functional and energy method, which implies that strengths of nonlocal intraspecific competitions have great effects on these global dynamics but the nonlocal interspecific competitions not and extends global results of Gourley and Ruan (2003) [11] . Secondly, global attracting region of each constant semi-trivial equilibrium is limited by its environment capacity regardless of the distinction of local and nonlocal intraspecific competitions. Thirdly, in the weak competition case, the coexistence equilibrium becomes Turing unstable when the kernels are chosen as generally distributed delay functions in temporal and the nonlocal intraspecific competitions are suitably strong. Additionally, spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous periodic solutions are found numerically.