Analysis of surface plasmon polariton mediated energy transfer in organic photovoltaic devices
2007
Organic photovoltaics (PV) are constrained by a tradeoff between exciton diffusion and optical absorption. The short
exciton diffusion length within organic semiconductors demands the use of extremely absorptive materials.
Unfortunately, the excitonic character of most organic materials yields highly structured absorption spectra, with regions
of strong and weak absorption. Here, we describe a device architecture that decouples light absorption and exciton
diffusion in organic PV through the addition of a light absorbing 'antenna' layer external to the conventional charge
generating layers. Radiation absorbed by the antenna is transferred into the thin charge generating layers via surface
plasmon polaritons (SPP) in an interfacial thin silver contact and radiation into waveguide modes. SPPs are a
particularly effective energy transfer mechanism as they propagate in the plane of the PV rather than parallel to the
incident radiation, thereby providing a more efficient means of pumping thin charge generating structures. We exploit
efficient SPP-mediated energy transfer by attaching a resonant cavity antenna to a conventional small-molecular weight
organic PV. We find that the resonant cavity antenna boosts the performance of a phthalocyanine-based PV in the
absorption gap between the phthalocyanine Q and Soret bands. Off resonance the antenna serves as a mirror, but near the
resonant wavelength, the antenna absorption is significantly enhanced, and energy is fed back into the PV cell via SPP-mediated
energy transfer. Thus, the resonant antenna may be employed to supplement the performance of the PV cell at
resonance, with no degradation off-resonance.
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