Ionic liquid-derived Fe, N, S, F multiple heteroatom-doped carbon materials for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction

Heteroatoms doped carbon catalysts have been intensively studied to take the place of Platinum based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) because of their ideal catalytic activity. Herein, the microporous-mesoporous carbon material catalysts doped with Fe, N, S and F were synthesized through a plain one-pot pyrolysis method with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyli-midazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][TF2N]) and melamine as precursors. Electrochemical analysis shows that the ORR activity and stability of the obtained catalysts are obviously better than Pt/C under alkaline condition. Meanwhile, the catalysts show similar ORR activity and much better durability in 0.1 M HClO4 comparing to Pt/C. Moreover, the tolerance of methanol in both basic and acid solutions is greatly better than Pt/C. The high activity is ascribed to the large specific surface area (SSA), porous structure and the synergistic effect between S, F, pyridine N, graphite N and Fe-Nx. The high stability possibly comes from the appropriate graphitization and the carbon-coating effect. The strategy proposed here has the advantages of facile, low cost, high efficiency and easy large-scale production, which provides new ideas for the preparation of high-performance Fe-N-C electrocatalysts.