Prophylactic Risk-Reducing Surgery for Breast Cancer

Advances in the understanding of the genetics and biology of breast cancer are defining patients at increased risk for the development of breast cancer. Prophylactic risk-reducing mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are very good options for reducing breast cancer risk in selected patients with elevated breast cancer risk. Technical approaches to prophylactic surgery are evolving and are leading to improved patient cosmetic outcomes and lower morbidity. Decisions regarding utilization of these procedures for patients should take into account a specific patient’s risk for developing breast cancer based on genetic, family, and personal medical history; patient age; and comorbid conditions. Limitations of prophylactic surgical approaches, alternatives, and side effects of prophylactic operations should also be considered carefully with patients who are considering these surgical interventions for breast cancer risk reduction.