Assessing TMS-induced D and I waves with spinal H-reflexes

Questions that relate to corticospinal function in pathophysiology and movement control demand sophisticated techniques to provide informing about corticospinal mechanisms. We introduce a noninvasive electrophysiological technique that may be useful in describing such mechanisms in more detail by dissecting D and I waves from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Based on the combination of spinal H-reflexes and TMS in the flexor carpi radialis muscle, the technique was shown to measure selective effects on D and I waves from changing TMS parameters.