Assessment of the environmental efficiency of the electricity mix of the top European economies via data envelopment analysis

Abstract Moving towards a more sustainable energy system is a major goal of modern societies that aim to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated anthropogenic impacts. In this article, the combined use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to analyse the environmental performance (eco-efficiency) of the electricity mix of the top European economies. This approach allows identifying environmentally efficient and inefficient countries considering as undesirable inputs several environmental impacts associated with the production of 1 kWh (regarded as output). The method provides as well targets for the inefficient countries that (if attained) would make them efficient. Our results provide valuable insight for governments and policy makers that aim to satisfy the electricity demand while minimizing the associated environmental impact.