Significance of buoyancy and Lorentz forces on water-conveying iron(III) oxide and silver nanoparticles in a rectangular cavity mounted with two heated fins: heat transfer analysis

During the production of iron(iii) oxide and silver nanoparticles where water is inevitable, little is known on the transport phenomenon in a rectangular cavity mounted with two heated fins on the bottom wall where buoyancy and Lorentz forces are significant. The natural convection heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid flow in a rectangular cavity mounted with two heated fins on the bottom wall is studied. The hybrid nanofluid containing the nanoparticles of $${\text{Fe}}_{3} {\text{O}}_{4}$$ and $${\text{Ag}}$$ with water as base fluid is considered for the analysis. The derived governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and solved numerically by applying the finite element method. It was concluded that at lower Rayleigh number and higher Hartmann number laminar flow is visible and at higher $${\text{Ra}}$$ and lower $${\text{Ha}}$$ , turbulent flow is seen. The intensity of the velocity profile and streamline function rises with the Rayleigh number. The nanoparticle volume fraction also affects the thermal profile and streamlined function.