ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA GOLONGAN KAPSAISINOID DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK DAN METODE KONVENSIONAL DARI TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L)

Fruit cayenne (Capsicum frutescens L) contains a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid/triterpenoid group, Alkaloid group is a main component of its plants such as capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrokapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin. This study aim to isolate capsaicinoid compounds from placenta, skin, seeds and the fruits of (Capsicum frutescens L). Extraction was done by maceration method aided by ultrasonic using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvets. Based on the results of measurements of the levels using TLC Scanner, the crystals obtained from the placenta extract recrystallization in ethyl acetate with a weight of 27,5 mg /grams of crude drug. Therefore, the crystal obtained is purified by washing method using n-hexane. Then the purity is tested by the melting point range and two-dimensional TLC. After the crystal (isolate 1) is characterized by using a spectrophotometer 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.Extraction was also done using a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with a variety of temperatures and pressures. Temperatures used were 40, 60 and 800C. While the pressure used in the extraction process was 100, 175 and 250 bar. Based on the results of measurements of the levels using TLC Scanner, the SFE result had higher levels which is 32,52 mg/grams at 400C and 175 bar.