Translation to the clinic and other modalities

Abstract Training an individual to change dysfunctional patterns of neural activity is an exciting way to harness neuroscience to improve mental health and wellbeing. In this chapter, the way forward in translating neurofeedback (NF) into effective clinical procedures is discussed. Focus is given to (1) how the precision of neural targeting might be improved via procedures such as DecNef, FC-Nef, and process-specific feedback contexts; (2) how NF may become more accessible and affordable by using fMRI-informed EEG and mobile technologies; and (3) how the NF procedure might become more personalized with the timing of training, feedback interfaces, and selected neural activity, all being specified as those which are estimated to get the best effect for each individual patient. The current state of NF as well as feasible ways forward given the known challenges and benefits of different NF technologies are considered.