The Biobased Circular Economy: employment and other outcomes

The bioeconomy is all-encompassing and comprises those parts of the economy that make responsible use of renewable biological resources from the land and water for the mutual benefit of business, society and nature (Nordic Council of Ministers, 2017). The bioeconomy is a central part of the circular economy, which aims to retain deployed resources in the economy for as long as possible, so reducing waste to a minimum and maximising local added value. It therefore offers the possibility of new and more environmentally friendly growth opportunities in all fields and requires the rethinking of value chains, ecosystems and business models (Annala & Teras, 2017).