Molecular biology of Crocus sativus

Abstract This chapter is devoted to different aspects of the molecular biology of Crocus sativus, including flower development, gametogenesis, secondary metabolites, and response to environmental stimuli. First, the characterized MADS-box genes involved in flower development in saffron and studies on gametogenesis and interspecific crossing are summarized. Then, the biochemical pathways involved in the production of the apocarotenoids, which are the main metabolites giving the specific color, odor, and taste of saffron, and the molecular studies that identified key genes and genetic regulators that control these pathways in saffron are presented. Finally, interactions of saffron with beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms and response to abiotic stress are discussed.