Optimal design of glucose solution emulsified diesel and its effects on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine

Abstract A novel bio-fuel, glucose solution emulsified diesel, was evaluated for performance and emissions. To determine the effects of preparation conditions on the stability time of glucose solution emulsified diesel, an orthogonal experimental design L 25 (5 5 ) was used. According to the results of orthogonal experiment, a nonlinear regression model was constructed by response surface methodology (RSM) and optimized by the active set method. The stability time of glucose solution emulsified diesel was about 342 h under the optimal conditions of: 15% glucose aqueous solution, 2% emulsifier, 0.86% cosolvent, 20% glucose in solution and a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 5.58. The performance and emissions of emulsified diesel in a diesel engine was tested and compared with pure diesel. The results showed: that brake thermal efficiencies with emulsified diesel improved under partial loads at the speed of 2000 rpm, that NOx and smoke emissions with emulsified fuel decreased except at individual operating conditions, and that HC and CO emissions were different for the two fuels under different conditions.