The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils-Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2.

Scope We investigated the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and markers of low-grade inflammation and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Methods and results One-hundred thirty homozygotes men for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT and CC genotypes) were randomized to an 8-week intervention with either LA- or ALA-enriched diet (13 E% PUFA). The source of LA and ALA were 30-50 ml of sunflower oil (SFO, 62-63 % LA) and Camelina sativa oil (CSO, 30-35 % ALA), respectively. In the SFO arm, there was a significant genotype x diet interaction for the proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids (p 10 mg/l and users of statins or anti-inflammatory therapy. In the CSO arm, there were significant genotype x diet interactions for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not for the clinical characteristics. Conclusions The FADS1 genotype modifies the response to high PUFA diets, especially to high-LA diet. These findings suggest that approaches considering FADS variation might be useful in personalized dietary counseling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.