Quantum-Based Determination of Antenna Finite Range Gain by Using Rydberg Atoms

A novel antenna gain measurement method based on quantum interaction of highly excited alkali Rydberg atoms and radiated radio frequency electric field from an antenna under test is proposed in this letter. The method allows gain value to be determined by measuring RF field induced splitting frequency of an electromagnetically induced transparency window, antenna feeding power, and finite measurement range. The antenna gain measurement for a K -band standard gain horn antenna is presented to demonstrate the measurement setup and process, and the results are consistent with conventional measurements. The method is promising due to its advantages of simplicity, accuracy, and low cost. This work is of major significance for developing atom-based RF field and antenna characterization.