Genome‐wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species
2014
Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common
garden experiments, but these are costly and time-consuming, especially for trees that
have long generation times. We explored whether genome-wide scanning technology
combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate
and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we sampled
nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa , across
an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis, we identified
a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome.
Population-level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated
with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with
population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using
the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates, we devised a metric that
provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to
guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.
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