Nuclear temperature measurements with helium isotopes

Abstract Temperatures extracted with the family of ( 3 He , 4 He ) isotope ratio thermometers, T He , have been studied and cross-checked with temperatures, T( 4 He ∗ ) constructed from excited and ground state populations of 4 He . Empirical correction factors provide baseline corrections for sequential decay effects for T He T He and T( 4 He ∗ ) should agree.