EffectiveRadiotherapy in Tumor Assisted by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide-Conjugated BismuthSulfide Nanoparticles through Radiosensitization and Dendritic CellActivation

Radiotherapy is a traditional method for cancer therapy, but may become ineffective likely due to the radiation-induced immunosuppression. Other than simply increasing the radiation dose, reactivation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is an alternative strategy for successful cancer treatment. In this work, we synthesized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (BiNP) and conjugated with immunoactivity Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP). GLP-BiNP were able to increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy, attributing to the efficient X-ray absorption of bismuth element. BiNP alone can mildly activate dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, while GLP-BiNP further enhanced the level of DC maturation, shown as the increase in phenotypic maturation markers, cytokine release, acid phosphatase activity, and T cell proliferation in DC/T cell co-culture. GLP-BiNP altered the tissue distribution compared to BiNP, with more accumulation in the tumor and less retention in the liver. In the meanwhile, mature DC greatly ...