Epigenetic processes—An overview

Abstract In this chapter we define what we mean by epigenetics and describe the basic molecular processes as they are currently understood. In short, epigenetic factors can profoundly alter the effects of genes on a phenotype. Furthermore, it is likely that epigenetic factors may well explain discrepant findings often observed in gene-based studies that have been conducted on athletic cohorts. In most cases, such studies continue to be undertaken with scant regard for the underlying involvement of epigenetics. In the coming decades additional epigenetic processes will likely be discovered that can influence exercise-related phenotypes and affect how our bodies respond to physical activity. Moreover, although epigenetic research is advancing at a considerable pace, as a subdiscipline of the human biosciences, there is a need to increase this among the sports medicine and exercise science communities.