Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Coefficients of MAPbI3 Thin Films by Bismuth Doping.
2020
The
poor photostability under ambient conditions of hybrid halide
perovskites has hindered their recently explored promising nonlinear
optical properties. Here, we show how Bi3+ can partially
substitute Pb2+ homogeneously in the commonly studied MAPbI3, improving both environmental stability and photostability
under high laser irradiation. Bi content around 2 atom % produces
thin films where the nonlinear refractive (n2) and absorptive coefficients (β), which modify the
refractive index (Δn) of the material with
light fluence (I), increase up to factors of 4 and
3.5, respectively, compared to undoped MAPbI3. Higher doping
inhibits the nonlinear parameters; however, the samples show higher
fluence damage thresholds. Thus, these results provide a road map
on how MAPbI3 can be engineered for practical cost-effective
nonlinear applications by means of Bi doping, including optical limiting
devices and multiple-harmonic generation into optoelectronics devices.
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