Soil Fertility and Its Security

No doubt that soil and its fertility are considered one of the main factors, which control the agricultural production. So, the soil fertility should be linked with different securities including water, food and soil security to perform the holistic sustainable development. Concerning the fertility of Egyptian soils, this fertility differs with different geological zones of these soils as well as the historical background of soil formation (i.e. factors and processes of soil forming). Generally, the soils of the Nile Delta are the most fertile and mainly represent the basket of food production in Egypt. The fertility of Egyptian soils suffers from the decline after building the Aswan High Dam and stopping the sedimentation of clay and/or silt particles. So, the deterioration of the quality or fertility of Egyptian soils is resulted from the absence of silt from the Nile flooding and crop intensification. Therefore, new approaches should be followed to maintain and sustain the fertility of Egyptian soils such as the precision farming and nanotechnology.