Análise do discurso: diálogos epistemológicos em Foucault e Heidegger

Language is more than the written or spoken word, it is the direction of thought in contact with the historical-social context in which it is inserted. The discourse presents itself as a mediation between people and realities. The Speech Analysis presents itself as a theoretical-methodological construct that makes it possible to ascertain ideological constructions and effects of discourse meaning in different contexts, providing an expanded look at reality. The objective is to interrelate epistemological aspects of Foucault and Heidegger, which can serve as contributions to the Speech Analysis method, and reflect on a structure that can be applied in research in the field of Information Science. To this end, it is proposed to use the Systematic Literature Review as a technique, in order to support a more concrete presentation regarding the application of Speech analysis in the field of Information Science. Methodologically, this is an exploratory study traced in the interrelationship between issues of Philosophy of Language and methodological and epistemological aspects of Information Science and, therefore, we sought to review the literature in both domains. There is still a certain reluctance to use Speech Analysis in Information Science due to its more theoretical form, that is, without a pre-established procedure, as seen in other methods, such as Content Analysis that enables categorical analysis, evaluation analysis, enunciation analysis, propositional analysis, among others. The goal of Speech Analysis is not to establish whether a discourse is true or false, but the effects of meanings and subliminal issues. Therefore, in the discourse constructed on the basis of prejudices, for example, the inherent weaknesses of that construction will be revealed. On the other hand, in a reflective text, the tendency is that through the application of Speech analysis, all solidity of ideas and structures are revealed. Thus, there is a great contribution that Speech Analysis can make to Information Science and how Foucault and Heidegger can be essential to compose the theoretical framework of Speech Analysis, depending on the objectives of the research.