Determination of wavefront attributes by differential evolution in the presence of conflicting dips

ABSTRACTThe common-reflection surface (CRS) method represents a multidimensional stacking approach; i.e., the stacking surface is determined in the midpoint and offset directions. In the 2D case, three attributes span the stacking surface, thus requiring a three-parameter search contrary to a one-parameter search in the classic common-midpoint stack. However, CRS wavefront attributes use data redundancy in the midpoint direction as well, which makes them very useful in several seismic applications, e.g., data preconditioning, velocity model building, and migration. Contrary to previous works, we simultaneously estimate CRS attributes using differential evolution in subcubes of the 3D search space. Differential evolution is a global optimization technique that performs particularly well when the objective function is unknown. Because we apply DE for each subcube, we could find local maxima, additionally to the global maximum. Therefore, conflicting dips are recognized and can be used for the stack and subs...