An XMCD-PEEM study on magnetized Dy-doped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

We have succeeded in developing a method for photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) on fully magnetized ferromagnetic bulk samples and have applied this technique to Dy-doped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. Remanence magnetization of the sample was approximately 1.2 T, and its dimension was 3 × 3 × 3 mm3. By utilizing a yoke as an absorber of the stray magnetic field from the sample, we can obtain well-focused PEEM images of magnetized samples. We have observed not only chemical distributions to visualize Dy-rich and Dy-poor areas but also magnetic domains by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The formation of reversed magnetic domains is strongly suppressed at room temperature by Dy-doping. As the temperature of the Dy-doped sample is raised, starting from room temperature, the reversed magnetic domains first grow along the magnetization easy axis. Next, above approximately 80°C, the shapes of reversed domains start to expand in the direction perpendicular to the easy axis. Above approximately 85°C, the reversed domains cover more than half of the field of view of 30 µm. More importantly, the reversed magnetic domains tend to nucleate or extend in Dy-poor regions. We discuss the relationship between the chemical distribution and the magnetic domain structure.