Comparative Evaluation Between Rigid and Dynamic Spinal Fixation Systems: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Background: Orthopedic fixation devices are widely used in treatment of spinal diseases. It is expected that application of dynamic stabilization confers valuable movement possibility besides its main role of load bearing. Comparative investigation between rigid and 2 dynamic fixation systems may elucidate the efficacy of each design. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of three fixation systems mounted on L4-L5 motion segment. Materials and Methods: In this numerical study, a 3D precious model of L4, L5 and their intervertebral disc has been employed based on CT images. Three fixation devices have been also implanted internally to the motion segment. Finite element method was used to evaluate stress distribution in the disc and determine the overall displacement of the segment as a measure of movement possibility. Results: Maximum stress in the disc has been observed in dynamic systems but within the safe range. The greater movement of the motion segment has been also appeared in dynamic fixations. Existence of the fixation systems reduced 58% of the load on intervertebral disc which might be exerted in intact cases. Conclusions: Use of the fixation devices can considerably reduce the load on the discs and prepare conditions for healing of the injured ones. Furthermore, dynamic modes of fixation confer possibility of movement to the motion segments in order to facilitate the spinal activities.