Developing efficient protocols for synthesis, antiosteoarthritic, antiinflammatory assessments and docking studies of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate derivatives

Abstract We report herein, two synthetic approaches to three types of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates ( N -BPs) in moderate to high yields (58–88%). Ester cleavage of selected bisphosphonates was undertaken to obtain their N -BP-acid analogs. Based on the reported bisphosphonate properties and the prospective biological prediction using computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM), new compounds were evaluated in a mouse model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and the delayed-type hypersensitivity granuloma reaction (DTH-GRA) for chronic inflammation. Pharmacological results showed that N -BP-acids are more favorable for antiarthritis activity than N -BP-esters. On the other hand, the majority of N -BPs revealed good antiinflammatory potency compared to their acid analogs. The results also showed that the presence of a free thiol group in a molecule enhances the anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, bioscreening results were in good agreement with the prediction investigation. A hypothesis of molecular modeling study, including fitting of the synthesized compounds into 3D-pharmacophore using Discovery Studio 2.5 software and their docking into the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS, PDB code: 2F8C protein) showed good results consistent with the observed pharmacological properties.